IUD

An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a small T-shaped plastic or copper device that a healthcare provider inserts into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is a long-acting, reversible form of contraception that can remain effective for several years, depending on the type. There are two main types of IUDs:

• Copper IUD – A non-hormonal option that can prevent pregnancy for up to 10 years.
• Hormonal IUD – Releases a small amount of hormone (progestin) to prevent pregnancy for up to 3-5 years.



How does an IUD work?

The IUD works by either releasing hormones or using copper to prevent sperm from fertilizing an egg. It can also alter the lining of the uterus, making it less suitable for implantation. The hormonal IUD may also thicken cervical mucus, further preventing sperm from reaching the egg. IUDs are over 99% effective in preventing pregnancy.



What are the benefits and risks of using an IUD?

Benefits:

• Long-lasting protection (3-10 years depending on the type)
• Highly effective (more than 99%)
• Reversible – you can have it removed if you want to become pregnant
• Hormonal IUDs may reduce menstrual bleeding and cramps



Risks and side effects:

• Spotting or irregular bleeding, especially in the first few months
• Possible cramping or discomfort during insertion
• Rare risk of uterine perforation (very small chance)
• Hormonal side effects such as headaches, breast tenderness, or mood changes